An automatic generation of textual pattern rules for digital content filters proposal, using grammatical evolution genetic programming

AbstractThis work presents a conceptual proposal to address the problem of intensive human specialized resources that are nowadays required for the maintenance and optimized operation of digital contents filtering in general and anti-spam filtering in particular. The huge amount of spam, malware, virus, and other illegitimate digital contents distributed through network services, represents a considerable waste of physical and technical resources, experts and end users time, in continuous maintenance of anti-spam filters and deletion of spam messages, respectively. The problem of cumbersome and continuous maintenance required to keep anti-spam filtering systems updated and running in an efficient way, is addressed in this work by the means of genetic programming grammatical evolution techniques, for automatic rules generation, having SpamAssassin anti-spam system and SpamAssassin public corpus as the references for the automatic filtering customization

Analysis and integration of the supply chain to avoid the whip effect

[EN] The supply chain, known by its abbreviations in English SCM (Supply Chain Management), is conformed by different levels according to their structure and size. This article presents and analyzes the effects of the whip effect (which is no more than the amplification of demand, where the higher the level, the greater the amplification) on the same, knowing its causes and consequences, Present solutions that guarantee the integration of the supply chain, allowing the flows, both information and material, to be carried out in an optimal way.[ES] La cadena de suministro, conocida por sus siglas en ingles SCM (Supply Chain Managment), está conformada por distintos niveles de acuerdo a su estructura y tamaño. En este artículo se presentan y analizan las incidencias que tiene el efecto látigo (que no es más que la amplificación de la demanda, donde mientras más alto es el nivel, mayor la amplificación) sobre la misma, conociendo sus causas y consecuencias, posteriormente se presentan soluciones que garanticen la integración de la cadena de suministro, permitiendo que los flujos, tanto de información como de material, se realicen de manera óptima.Lazala Díaz, NN.; Gisbert Soler, V.; Pérez-Molina, AI. (2017). Análisis e integración de la cadena de suministro para evitar el efecto látigo. 3C Empresa, Investigación y pensamiento crítico. ed. esp:19-28. doi:10.17993/3cemp.2017.especial.19-28S1928ed. esp

Necessidades educacionais especiais em contextos vulneráveis: o impacto da coexistência escolar no desempenho académico

This article shows the results of an investigation referred to the perception of Chilean students at school coexistence, belonging to highly vulnerable establishments are presented, comparing the perception of those who present special educational needs of a transitory type (n = 47) and permanent type (n = 24), compared to those with typical development (n = 546). The degree of predictability that the perceived school coexistence could have regarding its academic performance was analyzed. The analyzes confirm that students with Specific Educational Support Needs have a more unfavorable perception in almost all the dimensions analyzed. A linear regression analysis shows that 26.2% of the variance of their academic performance can be explained by the variables incorporated in the model, highlighting the important and positive role of class attendance and the negative weight of situations of indiscipline perceived when inside the classroom.  En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de investigación, referidos a la percepción de un grupo de estudiantes chilenos de educación secundaria sobre la convivencia escolar, los cuales son pertenecientes a establecimientos de alta vulnerabilidad. Este ejercicio se desarrolló comparando la percepción de aquellos que presentan necesidades educativas especiales de tipo transitorio (n = 47) y permanente (n = 24), respecto de aquellos con desarrollo típico (n = 546). Se analizó entonces, el grado de predictibilidad que podría tener la convivencia escolar percibida respecto de su desempeño académico. Los análisis constatan que los estudiantes con Necesidades Específicas de Apoyo Educativo tienen una percepción más desfavorable en casi todas las dimensiones analizadas. Un análisis de regresión lineal muestra que el 26.2% de la varianza de su desempeño académico puede ser explicada por las variables incorporadas en el modelo, destacando el rol importante y positivo de la asistencia a clases y el peso negativo de las situaciones de indisciplina percibidas al interior del aula.Neste artigo, apresentam-se os resultados de um estudo de pesquisa sobre a percepção de um grupo de estudantes chilenos do ensino médio sobre a convivência escolar, os quais são pertencentes a escolas altamente vulneráveis. Este exercício desenvolveu-se comparando a percepção daqueles que apresentam necessidades educacionais especiais de natureza transitória (n = 47) e permanente (n = 24) com aqueles com desenvolvimento típico (n = 546). Analisou-se o grau de previsibilidade que a convivência escolar poderia ter com relação ao seu desempenho acadêmico. As análises mostram que os estudantes com necessidades específicas de apoio educacional têm uma percepção mais desfavorável em quase todas as dimensões analisadas. Uma análise de regressão linear mostra que 26,2% da variação de seu desempenho acadêmico pode ser explicado pelas variáveis incorporadas no modelo, destacando o papel importante e positivo da frequência às aulas e o peso negativo das situações de indisciplina percebidas dentro da sala de aula. 

African dust influence on ambient PM levels in South-Western Europe (Spain and Portugal): a quantitative approach to support implementation of Air Quality Directives

This manuscript proposes and validates a methodology for the quantification of the daily African PM load during dust outbreaks in southern Europe. The daily net dust load in PM10 attributable to an African episode can be obtained by subtracting the daily regional background (RB) level from the PM10 concentration value at a RB station. The daily RB level can be obtained by applying a monthly moving 30th percentile to the PM10 time series at a RB station after a prior extraction of the data coincident with African dust transport. For days with influence of African dust, the dust load is given by the difference between the daily PM10 values minus the daily PM10 RB levels. This method allows us to quantify the net African dust load without chemical speciation. The comparison between the estimated net load during African dust outbreaks (ADO) and the crustal load determined by chemical speciation of PM10 filters at three RB stations in Spain had resulted in a very good correlation (R2=0.60-0.83), being the equivalence (correlation lines’ slopes ~ 1) highly significant in the three cases.This study was supported by the S.G.D. Environmental Quality and Industrial Environment from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment, but also by research projects from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2005-03428- C04-03/CLI, CGL2007-62505/CLI, GRACCIE- CSD2007-00067), the European Union (6th framework CIRCE IP, 036961, EUSAAR RII3-CT-2006-026140) and the Ministry of the Environment (CALIOPE, 441/2006/3-12.1)

Ecological justice as if life matters

La siguiente comunicación tiene como objetivo principal pensar en torno al concepto de justicia ecológica. Se ha elegido hacerlo en relación con el concepto de capitalismo en vez de con el de Derechos Humanos, por razones que serán desarrolladas a lo largo de la exposición: este, por tanto, es el corolario del objetivo principal. Los objetivos secundarios de la comunicación podrían ser resumidos en dos: argumentar que el capitalismo es incompatible tanto con la igualdad y justicia como con la sostenibilidad del planeta, por una parte; y tratar de dar algunas pinceladas de cómo sería una sociedad regida por un principio de justicia ecológica, por otra. La comunicación es un resultado de una investigación interdisciplinar por parte de personas de distinta formación académica. En su elaboración han participado una teórica de la educación, una periodista, una filóloga francesa y tres filósofos. Así, es la conclusión de un proceso de discusión de distintas perspectivas sobre un mismo problema. A todas ellas, por cierto, subyace una intuición común: el capitalismo es esencialmente incompatible con cualquier forma de justicia ecológica (atendiendo a la caracterización que de ella se va a hacer en la exposición)The following lecture has the main objective of thinking about the concept of ecological justice. It has been chosen to do it in relation of the concept of capitalism instead of the concept of Human Rights, for reasons that will be developed in the exposition: this is, therefore, the corollary of the principal goal. The secondary objectives of the lecture could be synthesized in the following two: to argue that capitalism is compatible neither with equality and justice nor with the sustainability of the planet, on one hand; and to try to perform some traces of how a society regulated with an ecological justice principle would be, on the other. The lecture is a result of an interdisciplinary research done by people of different academic training. A theorist of education, a journalist, a French philologist and three philosophers have participated in its elaboration. So, the lecture is the result of a discussion process of different perspectives of a common problem. Beneath all these perspectives there is a shared intuition: capitalism is essentially incompatible with any form of ecological justice (attending to the characterization that it’s going to be done in the exposition

Oxidative stress and immunosenescence in spleen of obese mice can be reversed by 2-hydroxyoleic acid.

We aimed to investigate the effects of obesity on oxidative stress and leukocyte function in spleen of mice, and to assess whether supplementation with 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA) or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could reverse those effects. Female ICR/CD1 mice (8 weeks old, n = 24) received an obesogenic diet (22% fat for 4 weeks and 60% fat for 14 weeks). After 6 weeks, mice were split in three groups (n = 8/group): no supplementation, 2-OHOA supplementation (1500 mg kg(-1) ) and n-3 PUFA supplementation (EPA + DHA, 3000 mg kg(-1) diet). Eight mice were fed standard diet for the whole duration of the study (control group). At the end of the experiment, the following variables were assessed in spleens: levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, GSH/GSSG, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, lipid peroxidation, lymphocyte chemotaxis, natural killer (NK) activity and mitogen (ConA and LPS)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Obese animals presented higher GSSG levels (P = 0.003), GSSG/GSH ratio (P = 0.013), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.004), XO activity (P = 0.015) and lymphocyte chemotaxis (P < 0.001), and lower NK activity (P = 0.003) and proliferation in response to ConA (P < 0.001) than controls. 2-OHOA reversed totally or partially most of the changes (body weight, fat content, GSSG levels, GSH/GSSG, lipid peroxidation, chemotaxis and proliferation, all P < 0.05), while n-3 PUFA reversed the increase in XO activity (P = 0.032). In conclusion, 2-OHOA, and to a lesser extent n-3 PUFA, could ameliorate the oxidative stress and alteration of leukocyte function in spleen of obese mice. Our findings support a link between obesity and immunosenescence and suggest a potential therapeutic tool for obesity-related immune dysfunction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

POU1F1 transcription factor induces metabolic reprogramming and breast cancer progression via LDHA regulation

Metabolic reprogramming is considered hallmarks of cancer. Aerobic glycolysis in tumors cells has been well-known for almost a century, but specific factors that regulate lactate generation and the effects of lactate in both cancer cells and stroma are not yet well understood. In the present study using breast cancer cell lines, human primary cultures of breast tumors, and immune deficient murine models, we demonstrate that the POU1F1 transcription factor is functionally and clinically related to both metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer cells and fibroblasts activation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that POU1F1 transcriptionally regulates the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) gene. LDHA catalyzes pyruvate into lactate instead of leading into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Lactate increases breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, it activates normal-associated fibroblasts (NAFs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Conversely, LDHA knockdown in breast cancer cells that overexpress POU1F1 decreases tumor volume and [18F]FDG uptake in tumor xenografts of mice. Clinically, POU1F1 and LDHA expression correlate with relapse- and metastasis-free survival. Our data indicate that POU1F1 induces a metabolic reprogramming through LDHA regulation in human breast tumor cells, modifying the phenotype of both cancer cells and fibroblasts to promote cancer progressionThis study was supported by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades- Agencia Estatal de Investigación-PGC2018-100776-B-I00 and from Conselleria de Cultura, Educación e Ordenacion Universitaria (GPC2014/001), AM-O was supported by an FPU grant (Ministerio de Educación—FPU14/00548)S

Letter in response to article in journal of infection: “High SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients”

Letter to editorUnidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu

Entre el recuerdo y el olvido de la cultura indígena Muisca de Bosa en la actualidad: los sentires desde la práctica pedagógica

NAN

Elaboración de vídeos explicativos de las prácticas curriculares del alumnado del Máster de Estudios de Género

El proyecto está basado en la elaboración de vídeos explicativos por parte de los responsables de los centros de prácticas con los que tenemos convenios con objeto de explicar el funcionamiento del centro, el objetivo de las prácticas a desarrollar y las funciones del alumnado